Rwanda-backed M23 rebels advanced further into Congo on Wednesday. They reached the outskirts of Walikale, a town located 125 kilometers (80 miles) northwest of Goma. Consequently, tensions in the region have escalated.

Conflict Worsens Since January

Since January, the conflict has intensified. First, M23 rebels, with Rwanda’s support, seized Goma. Then, in February, they captured Bukavu. Now, they are nearing Walikale, bringing them just 400 kilometers from Kisangani, Congo’s fourth-largest city. As a result, fears of further territorial gains have grown.

Congo and Rwanda Hold Talks on Ceasefire

On Tuesday, Congolese President Felix Tshisekedi met Rwandan President Paul Kagame in Qatar. This marked their first direct discussion since the rebels escalated attacks in January. Qatar mediated the talks to ease tensions.

Both leaders agreed to an "immediate and unconditional ceasefire." However, they did not clarify how it would be enforced. Consequently, doubts remain over its effectiveness.

Rwanda’s Role in the Conflict

The United Nations accused Rwanda of supplying weapons and troops to M23 rebels. Moreover, M23 is just one of nearly 100 armed groups fighting for control of eastern Congo’s mineral-rich land. Due to the ongoing violence, over 7 million people have been displaced.

Rebels Supported by Rwandan Troops

According to U.N. experts, Rwanda provides M23 with around 4,000 troops. Furthermore, the rebels have threatened to march to Kinshasa, Congo’s capital, which is 1,600 kilometers (1,000 miles) away.

UN Investigates War Crimes

Last month, the UN Human Rights Council launched an investigation. Reports indicate cases of rape and summary executions by both sides. Therefore, international pressure is mounting for accountability.