Russian President Vladimir Putin proposed on Monday a one-year extension of the New START treaty, the last major arms control agreement between the US and Russia. The treaty is set to expire on February 5, 2026.

According to Putin, the extension would prevent a lapse in limits on strategic nuclear weapons while both sides negotiate future terms. Reuters reported that the treaty currently limits each country to 1,550 deployed strategic warheads. Without an extension, these limits could be exceeded, increasing global security risks.

During a meeting of Russia’s Security Council, Putin described the offer as a step toward global non-proliferation and a chance to resume dialogue with Washington.

He said, “Russia is prepared to continue adhering to the central numerical limits under the New START Treaty for one year after February 5, 2026.”

“Subsequently, based on an analysis of the situation, we will make a decision on whether to maintain these voluntary, self-imposed restrictions.
This measure will only be viable if the United States acts in a similar manner, and does not take steps that undermine or violate the existing balance of deterrence capabilities.”

Context of the Proposal

Meanwhile, the proposal comes as Trump pressures Putin to end the war in Ukraine. Moscow continues to frame the conflict as part of broader East-West security tensions. At the same time, Kyiv is urging the US to tighten sanctions on Russia.

So far, the US has not responded to Putin’s offer.

Previously, Moscow said it would only discuss arms control once broader diplomatic ties improved. However, Putin’s proposal signals a shift in that stance.

Challenges in Negotiations

Moreover, tensions over Ukraine have blocked formal talks to renew or revise the treaty. Although Trump has suggested a new trilateral arms control deal including China, Beijing has rejected participation.

Daryl Kimball, executive director of the Arms Control Association, called Putin’s offer “a positive and welcome move.” He also urged the US to respond constructively. He said both leaders have an opportunity to “help reduce the most immediate existential security threat facing the world.”

Russia’s Conditions and Warnings

In addition, Putin warned that Russia will monitor US nuclear and missile defense activities closely. He highlighted missile shields and space interceptors as potential threats to strategic balance.

He said, “The practical implementation of such destabilising actions could nullify our efforts to maintain the status quo in the field of START. We will respond accordingly.”

Furthermore, senior Russian senator Konstantin Kosachyov said Putin wants to send a clear message to the US. He wrote on Telegram, “I hope that this signal will be heard and correctly interpreted.”

Implications for Global Security

Overall, the one-year extension could maintain limits on strategic nuclear weapons while giving both nations time to negotiate future agreements. If accepted, it would reduce immediate nuclear risks.

However, broader disputes, including the war in Ukraine, continue to strain US-Russia relations and complicate arms control efforts. Therefore, careful coordination and constructive dialogue will be crucial to preserving strategic stability between the two nuclear powers.